Is Second Attack of Diphtheria Possible?
نویسنده
چکیده
' One attack of diphtheria does not always confer a lasting immunity, second and even third attacks are not uncommon. This is probably because our body cells respond slowly to stimulation by diphtheria toxin with the production of antitoxin and the ordinary attack of diphtheria is too brief in duration for adequate stimulation of antitoxin production. This is indicated by the fact that several months are required for the production of sufficient amount of antitoxin after the injection of toxin-antitoxin mixture (Infection Immunity and Biologic Therapy?3rd Edition, pp. 860). The incidence of diphtheria is most common in children between the ages 8 months and 8 years. This is because by 8th month the congenital antitoxic immunity conferred by the mother to the child passes off. And between the ages 8 months and 8 years the body cells being too immature. Immunity response in case of an infection cannot possibly ward off the probability of another infection during the period. Reference is also made in Price, " The immunity afforded by diphtheria is short-lived, relapses are not uncommon and second attacks also occur" (A Textbook
منابع مشابه
An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Network Vulnerability Analysis
Intruders often combine exploits against multiple vulnerabilities in order to break into the system. Each attack scenario is a sequence of exploits launched by an intruder that leads to an undesirable state such as access to a database, service disruption, etc. The collection of possible attack scenarios in a computer network can be represented by a directed graph, called network attack gra...
متن کاملبررسی برخی عوامل خطر و عوامل تسریع کننده حمله قلبی و علل تاخیر در مراجعه بیماران مبتلا به انفارکتوس حادمیوکارد در مرکز قلب مازندران در سال 1388
Background and purpose:Coronary artery disease (CAD) particularly of the acute myocardial infraction (MI) is one of the main causes of mortality in the developing countries. Considering the complication of the disease, the aim of this study was to investigate risk and accelerating factors of heart attack and the reason of the patients' delay in referring to Mazandaran Cardiac Center in 2009. ...
متن کاملRickettsia slovaca Infection, France
and Wales from 1993 to 2000, an estimated 2–10 secondary cases would have been prevented if attack rates were 5% and each patient had 4 contacts. The number of index cases needed to be detected to prevent 1 death (assuming 6%–10% case-fatality ratio) would have been 150–180 with attack rates of 5% and 50–83 with attack rates of 30%. Thus, deaths were not likely to have been prevented during thi...
متن کاملImpact of vaccination on epidemiology of diphtheria and pertussis
Whooping cough and diphtheria are vaccine preventable diseases. Diphtheria, due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae or Corynebactium ulcerans, two Gram positive bacteria, is a serious upper respiratory tract disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Vaccination, via an acellular vaccine composed only of purified, detoxified diphtheria toxin, has significantly reduced the incidence of the dise...
متن کامل